National Licensure Examination for Veterinarians Veterinary Pharmacy, Prescribing Law & Medicines Regulation: practice questions

National Licensure Examination for Veterinarians (NLEV) · Nepal · Nepal Veterinary Council (NVC Act 2055 BS)

Original practice questions written to the published syllabus · not past papers

8worked here, free

29written to this exam in this subject

6syllabus units

What this subject covers

Writing a lawful prescription and dispensing safely: who may prescribe, extra-label use and the cascade, withdrawal periods and MRLs, drugs prohibited in food animals, pharmacovigilance, controlled drugs and records.

In the exams: EAEVE Day One competences on prescribing, dispensing and reporting adverse reactions; WOAH Day 1 veterinary products; RCVS Day One competences (the cascade)

Prescription writing
Dispensing
Who may prescribe: IVC Act s.30, the US VCPR and UK POM-V
Extra-label use: US AMDUCA and the UK cascade
Withdrawal periods
Maximum residue limits
Drugs prohibited in food-producing animals
Pharmacovigilance and adverse-event reporting
Controlled drugs
Record keeping

Where the 29 questions fall

How our questions for National Licensure Examination for Veterinarians spread across the units of Veterinary Pharmacy, Prescribing Law & Medicines Regulation. Difficulty: 14 easy, 15 medium, 0 hard.

Dispensing	13
Prescription writing	6
Pharmacovigilance and adverse-event reporting	5
Withdrawal periods	2
Record keeping	2
Maximum residue limits	1

8 practice questions, worked

Choose an answer, then open the working. Each explanation says why the right answer is right and why the others are not.

1 · Prescription writing · medium

A 15 kg dog is prescribed a drug at 2 mg/kg by mouth once daily for 14 days, using 10 mg tablets. How many tablets should be dispensed?

42 tablets
30 tablets
21 tablets
84 tablets

Answer and working

A. 42 tablets

Dose = 2 × 15 = 30 mg = 3 tablets daily; 3 × 14 = 42 tablets. 21 halves the course; 84 treats once daily as twice daily; 30 confuses the 30 mg dose with a tablet count. Illustrative drug only. Confirm any real dose against the product label and your national formulary.

2 · Dispensing · easy

An owner asks whether she can crush an enteric-coated tablet to hide it in food for her dog. What is the correct advice?

Yes, provided the powder is mixed into a fatty food
No, but it may be split into quarters without any loss of effect
Yes; all tablets work the same once they have been crushed
No; crushing defeats the protective enteric coating

Answer and working

D. No; crushing defeats the protective enteric coating

An enteric coating stops the tablet dissolving in the stomach, either to protect the drug from acid or to protect the stomach from the drug. Crushing or splitting defeats it. Ask for a different formulation instead.

3 · Dispensing · medium

A multi-dose injectable vial was first broached 35 days ago. Its SPC gives an in-use shelf life of 28 days. Half the liquid remains and the printed expiry date is next year. What should be done?

Refrigerate it to reset the in-use shelf life for another 28 days
Use it, because the printed expiry date has not yet been reached
Use it for non-urgent cases only, until the printed expiry date
Discard it; the in-use shelf life has ended

Answer and working

D. Discard it; the in-use shelf life has ended

Once a vial is broached, the in-use shelf life in the SPC applies, because of the risk of contamination and degradation. The printed expiry applies only to unopened product. Mark the opening date on every vial.

4 · Dispensing · easy

How many milligrams of drug are there in 1 mL of a 2% w/v solution?

2 mg
0.2 mg
200 mg
20 mg

Answer and working

D. 20 mg

2% w/v = 2 g per 100 mL = 2000 mg per 100 mL = 20 mg/mL. Rule of thumb: % w/v × 10 = mg/mL. 2 mg and 200 mg are tenfold slips in either direction; 0.2 mg divides by 10 instead of multiplying.

5 · Dispensing · easy

Adrenaline (epinephrine) is supplied as a 1:1000 solution. What is its concentration?

0.1 mg/mL
1 mg/mL
10 mg/mL
0.01 mg/mL

Answer and working

B. 1 mg/mL

Ratio strength 1:1000 for a solid in a liquid means 1 g in 1000 mL, which is 1 mg/mL. 0.1 mg/mL is the 1:10,000 strength; confusing the two is a classic tenfold error.

6 · Dispensing · easy

5 g of a drug is dissolved and made up to 250 mL. What is the strength as % w/v?

0.2%
2%
20%
5%

Answer and working

B. 2%

% w/v = g per 100 mL. 5 g in 250 mL = 2 g in 100 mL = 2%. 20% and 0.2% are tenfold slips; 5% ignores the volume.

7 · Withdrawal periods · medium

A vet gives a calf double the labelled dose of an antibiotic. Why is the label withdrawal period no longer reliable?

Withdrawal depends only on the route of administration, never on the dose
A higher dose speeds up elimination, so the label withdrawal becomes too long
More drug must be cleared, so residues could exceed the MRL at label time
Labels always build in a margin for a doubled dose, so nothing changes at all

Answer and working

C. More drug must be cleared, so residues could exceed the MRL at label time

Withdrawal periods come from depletion studies at the labelled dose, route and duration. More drug, a longer course or a different route can leave residues above the MRL after the label time.

8 · Pharmacovigilance and adverse-event reporting · easy

A farmer reports that a wormer, given correctly, no longer reduces faecal egg counts in his sheep. Is this a reportable adverse event?

No; poor efficacy is a commercial matter for the seller
Only if a sheep dies after treatment with the wormer
Yes; lack of expected efficacy is reportable
No; only reactions in the treated animals are reported

Answer and working

C. Yes; lack of expected efficacy is reportable

Veterinary pharmacovigilance includes lack of expected efficacy, which may signal resistance. Reports help regulators and companies spot emerging anthelmintic or antimicrobial resistance.

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